Who's Your Gatekeeper? Message Framing and Agenda Setting

Agenda Setting
McCombs, M. The Agenda-Setting Role of Mass Media in Shaping Public Opinion. (2004)
Many Americans Believe Fake News is Sowing confusion. Pew Research Center. (December 15, 2016)
*McCombs, M. Shaw, D., & Weaver, D. New Directions in Agenda Setting Theory and Research. Mass Communication and Society 17:781-802 (2014)

Agenda Setting v. Agenda Melding
Agenda Melding Defined

Gatekeeping v. Gatewatching
Gatewatching Defined
Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Snurblog (March 29, 2004)

Why People Fall for Fake News | Why Do People Share Mis/Disinformation
Why Do Americans Share So Much Fake News? The Journalist's Resource, March 17, 2021
*Research Study: Shifting Attention to Accuracy Can Reduce Misinformation Online, Nature, March 17, 2021
Why Do People Fall for Fake News? Gordon Pennycock and David Rand, The New York Times, January 19, 2019
*Who Falls for *Fake News? The Roles of Bullshit Receptivity, Overclaiming, Familiarity, and Analytic Thinking, Gordon Pennycock and David Rand, May 2018
*Prior Exposure Increases Perceived Accuracy of Fake News, Gordon Pennycock, Tyrone Cannon and David Rand, 2018
The State of American Friendship, Survey on American Life, May 2021 (read Friendship and Politics & Losing a Friend Over Politics)

Spiral of Silence in the Digital Age (read enough to understand the theory)
The "Spiral of Silence" Theory
The 'Spiral of Silence' Theory Explains Why People Don't Speak Up on Things That Matter, New York Magazine, March 10, 2017
Effects of the “Spiral of Silence” in the Digital Age. Inquiries, 7(9) 2015
*The Spiral of Silence Revisited, Communication Research, December 12, 2017
*Quieting the Commentators: The Spiral of Silence’s Persistent Effect on Online News Forums. International Symposium on Online Journalism, 6(1) 2016
*Social Media and the ‘Spiral of Silence.’  Executive Summary. Pew Research Center (August 26, 2014)
*Full Report
*Social Media and the ‘Spiral of Silence' (August 26, 2014)
*Unspeaking on Facebook? Testing Network Effects on Self-Censorship of Political Expressions in Social Network Sites. Quality and Quantity 49, 1417-35 (2015)
*Under Surveillance: Examining Facebook’s Spiral of Silence Effects in the Wake of NSA Internet Monitoring. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(2), 296-311, 2016
*Spiral of Silence of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann. A First Look at Communication Theory. (7th ed.) 2007

*Optional Viewing