BeMediaLiterate.com
  • Welcome
  • Media Literacy
    • Media Literacy >
      • Why Media Literacy >
        • Media Literacy Strategies
    • News Literacy >
      • What Is News Literacy? >
        • News Literacy Strategies
        • Analyzing News Worksheet
        • First Amendment >
          • The Fourth Estate
          • Media Bias Chart
        • News Analysis Resources
        • Teaching Resources
    • Social Media and Body Image
    • Get REAL! Toolkit
    • Media Literacy Week >
      • Media Literacy Week 2018
      • Media Literacy Week 2017 >
        • Pop-Up Newsroom
      • Media Literacy Week 2016 >
        • 2016 Infographic
      • Media Literacy Week 2015 >
        • 2015 Infographic
    • Worksheets
    • Civic Engagement >
      • CA Voter Forum
      • NewseumED Student Voices
      • Student Voices 2019
      • Commit2MediaLit
      • Research Symposium 2018
      • NAMLE Award
      • Proud2Bme >
        • What's Proud2Bme? >
          • Proud2Bme_CSUN 2017
          • Proud2Bme_CSUN Blogs
          • NEDAW Activities 2016
          • Super Bowl Ad Callout
          • National Media Lit Week
          • BMI Project >
            • About The BMI Project
            • TALK BACK! Campaign
            • BMI NEDA Awareness
            • BMI Outreach Letter
            • Media Static
  • J371
    • J371 Learning Objectives
    • J371 Weekly Readings >
      • Introduction
      • Historical Perspective
      • HerStory
      • Sexism & Social Control
      • She Said, He Said
      • Deconstructing Gender
      • Media Socialization
      • News and Gender Divide
      • Advertising: Selling Sex
      • Magazine Image & Ideology
      • TV and Movies
      • Video Games and Music
      • Social Media
      • Advocating Gender Equality: Strategies & Challenges
    • J371 Review Guide
    • J371 Web Resources
  • J372
    • J372 Learning Objectives
    • J372 Weekly Readings >
      • Media and Society
      • Media Stereotypes & Social Reality
      • Deconstructing Diversity: Media Literacy Strategies
      • Media Socialization & Cultural Identity
      • Agenda Setting & Diversity
      • Ethnic News Media
      • Media Diversity & Cultural Storytelling
      • Media Power and the Production of Culture
      • Advocating Inclusiveness in a Digital Democracy
    • J372 Review Guide
  • J365
    • J365 Learning Objectives
    • J365 Weekly Readings >
      • What Is News?
      • The Medium Is the Message: From the Printing Press to Social Media
      • First Amendment | 4th Estate
      • News Media Ecosystem in a Post-Truth Culture
      • Who Writes the News?
      • Who Decides What's Newsworthy?
      • Do News Media Take Sides? Fairness, Balance and Bias
      • Fact-Checking: Deciding What's True
      • Who Is Your Gatekeeper? Framing and Agenda Setting
      • The Great Echo Chamber Escape: Bursting Your Filter Bubble
      • Future of Journalism and Citizen Empowerment
    • News Lit Worksheets
    • Analyzing News Worksheet
    • Media Bias Chart
    • News Analysis Resources
    • J365 Review Guide
  • Academic Integrity
    • Plagiarism Policy
    • Plagiarism Contract
  • Resources
    • Writing Toolbox
    • Online Resources
    • News Analysis
    • Office of Equity & Diversity
  • Contact

Who's Your Gatekeeper? Message Framing and Agenda Setting

Agenda Setting
McCombs, M. The Agenda-Setting Role of Mass Media in Shaping Public Opinion. (2004)
Many Americans Believe Fake News is Sowing confusion. Pew Research Center. (December 15, 2016)
*McCombs, M. Shaw, D., & Weaver, D. New Directions in Agenda Setting Theory and Research. Mass Communication and Society 17:781-802 (2014)

Agenda Setting v. Agenda Melding
Agenda Melding Defined

Gatekeeping v. Gatewatching
Gatewatching Defined
Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Snurblog (March 29, 2004)

Why People Fall for Fake News | Why Do People Share Mis/Disinformation
Why Do Americans Share So Much Fake News? The Journalist's Resource, March 17, 2021
*Research Study: Shifting Attention to Accuracy Can Reduce Misinformation Online, Nature, March 17, 2021
Why Do People Fall for Fake News? Gordon Pennycock and David Rand, The New York Times, January 19, 2019
*Who Falls for *Fake News? The Roles of Bullshit Receptivity, Overclaiming, Familiarity, and Analytic Thinking, Gordon Pennycock and David Rand, May 2018
*Prior Exposure Increases Perceived Accuracy of Fake News, Gordon Pennycock, Tyrone Cannon and David Rand, 2018
The State of American Friendship, Survey on American Life, May 2021 (read Friendship and Politics & Losing a Friend Over Politics)

Spiral of Silence in the Digital Age (read enough to understand the theory)
The "Spiral of Silence" Theory
The 'Spiral of Silence' Theory Explains Why People Don't Speak Up on Things That Matter, New York Magazine, March 10, 2017
Effects of the “Spiral of Silence” in the Digital Age. Inquiries, 7(9) 2015
*The Spiral of Silence Revisited, Communication Research, December 12, 2017
*Quieting the Commentators: The Spiral of Silence’s Persistent Effect on Online News Forums. International Symposium on Online Journalism, 6(1) 2016
*Social Media and the ‘Spiral of Silence.’  Executive Summary. Pew Research Center (August 26, 2014)
*Full Report
*Social Media and the ‘Spiral of Silence' (August 26, 2014)
*Unspeaking on Facebook? Testing Network Effects on Self-Censorship of Political Expressions in Social Network Sites. Quality and Quantity 49, 1417-35 (2015)
*Under Surveillance: Examining Facebook’s Spiral of Silence Effects in the Wake of NSA Internet Monitoring. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(2), 296-311, 2016
*Spiral of Silence of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann. A First Look at Communication Theory. (7th ed.) 2007

*Optional Viewing

© 2022 Bobbie Eisenstock, Ph.D. | All Rights Reserved.